Practice by Category & Subject

map() function applies function to all items in iterable. Syntax: map(function, iterable). Returns map object (iterator). Example: list(map(lambda x: x*2, [1,2,3])) returns [2,4,6]. Applies transformation to each element. Functional programming construct. Common with lambda functions.

Question 2 Easy Mcq

✓ Correct ✗ Incorrect

What is one of the most common use of Python's sys library?

To capture command-line arguments given at a file's runtime

To connect various systems, such as connecting a web front end, an API service, a database, and a mobile app

To take a snapshot of all the packages and libraries in your virtual environment

To scan the health of your Python ecosystem while inside a virtual environment

Explanation:

Use sys.path to see module search paths. List of directory strings. Modify to add locations: sys.path.append('/my/path'). First directory is script location. PYTHONPATH adds to path. Module import path management.

Question 3 Easy Mcq

✓ Correct ✗ Incorrect

What is the basic difference between theses two operations in 're' module: match() and search()?

re.search() operation checks for a match anywhere in the string. re.match() operation checks for a match only at the begining of the string.

The only difference is that re.search() has much more parameters than re.match()

The only difference is that re.match() has much more parameters than re.search()

There is no difference between the two operations.

Explanation:

re.match() checks if pattern matches at string beginning. re.search() searches entire string for first match anywhere. match() anchored to start, search() finds anywhere. Example: re.match(r'\d+', 'abc123') returns None, re.search(r'\d+', 'abc123') finds '123'. Use match for start validation, search for finding.

Question 4 Easy Mcq

✓ Correct ✗ Incorrect

What is the correct syntax for instantiating a new object of the type Game?

My_game = class.Game()

My_game = class(Game)

My_game = Game()

My_game = Game.create()

Explanation:

Use datetime.timedelta for time duration. Example: delta = timedelta(days=7, hours=3). Arithmetic: dt + delta. Supports days, seconds, microseconds, milliseconds, minutes, hours, weeks. Duration representation.

Question 5 Easy Mcq

✓ Correct ✗ Incorrect

What is the index of the first item in a tuple or list?

-2147483648

-1

Explanation:

Index of first item in Python tuple or list is 0 (zero-based indexing). First element accessed as my_list[0] or my_tuple[0]. Last element at index -1 (negative indexing from end). Zero-based indexing standard in Python and most programming languages. Understanding indexing essential for sequence access.

Question 6 Easy Mcq

✓ Correct ✗ Incorrect

What is a future statement?

A variable assignment for an instance of a class that has not yet been created.

A proposal for a feature that should be implemented in the Python Standard Library in future releases.

A declaration of a method that has not yet been implemented.

A directive to the compiler that a particular module should be compiled using syntax or semantics that will be available in a specified future release of Python.

Explanation:

Future statement imports features from future Python versions. Syntax: from __future__ import feature. Example: from __future__ import division (Python 3 division in Python 2). Must be at file top (after docstring/comments). Enables forward compatibility. Prepares code for future Python versions.

Question 7 Easy Mcq

✓ Correct ✗ Incorrect

What is the method to retrieve the list of all active thread objects?

activethreads()

getThreads()

enumerate()

threads()

Explanation:

Use complex(real, imag) for complex numbers. Example: complex(2, 3) creates 2+3j. complex('2+3j') from string. Supports math operations. real and imag attributes. abs() for magnitude. Complex number creation.

Question 8 Easy Mcq

✓ Correct ✗ Incorrect

When opening a file, what is the difference between text mode and binary mode?

In binary mode, new line characters are converted to an OS-specific representation.

There is no difference.

In text mode, the contents are first decoded using a platform-dependent encoding.

In text mode, carriage returns are always converted to linefeed characters.

Explanation:

Text mode interprets data as strings, handles encoding (UTF-8 default), converts line endings. Binary mode treats data as bytes, no encoding, no line ending conversion. Text: open('file', 'r'), Binary: open('file', 'rb'). Use binary for images, executables. Text for text files. Mode affects read/write behavior.

Question 9 Easy Mcq

✓ Correct ✗ Incorrect

What is the correct syntax for defining a class called Game?

Def Game(): pass

Def Game: pass

Class Game: pass

Class Game(): pass

Explanation:

Use contextlib.contextmanager for generator-based context managers. Example: @contextmanager def resource(): setup; yield obj; cleanup. Simpler than class. Resource management decorator.

Question 10 Easy Mcq

✓ Correct ✗ Incorrect

What is the correct syntax for calling an instance method on a class named Game?

My_game = Game(self) self.my_game.roll_dice()

My_game = Game() self.my_game.roll_dice()

My_game = Game() my_game.roll_dice()

My_game = Game(self) my_game.roll_dice(self)

Explanation:

Use contextlib.suppress(*exceptions) to ignore exceptions. Example: with suppress(FileNotFoundError): os.remove('file'). Cleaner than try-except pass. Exception suppression context.

Question 11 Easy Mcq

✓ Correct ✗ Incorrect

What is a string in Python?

An object which is a sequence of characters

Any text put in double-quotes

The same thing as a statement, just an argument

A line of source code

Explanation:

String is sequence of characters. Immutable, ordered, iterable. Created with quotes: 'text', "text", '''text'''. Unicode in Python 3, bytes vs str distinction. Support slicing, concatenation, methods (upper, split, replace). Fundamental data type for text. Can be empty: ''. Indexed access: s[0].

Question 12 Easy Mcq

✓ Correct ✗ Incorrect

What is delegation?

An object oriented technique to implement a method by calling another method instead.

Applying a function to a list of lists.

Chaining together several function outputs.

Passing the output of one function to another function.

Explanation:

Delegation is design pattern where object passes operation to another object (delegate). Instead of inheriting, contains delegate instance. Composition over inheritance. Example: class A: def method(self): self.delegate.method(). Enables code reuse, flexibility. Common in wrapper/proxy patterns. Favors has-a over is-a relationships.

Question 13 Easy Mcq

✓ Correct ✗ Incorrect

What is the result of ("%g" % 74), '7' ?

('74', '7')

(74, 7)

('74', '7.00')

('74', '7.0')

Explanation:

Result: '%g' % 74 returns '74' (string), '7' is string '7'. %g formats number removing trailing zeros, scientific notation for large numbers. 74 becomes '74'. Expression ('%g' % 74, '7') creates tuple ('74', '7'). Result: tuple of two strings. %g general format.

Question 14 Easy Mcq

✓ Correct ✗ Incorrect

What is the statement that can be used in Python if a statement is required syntactically but the program requires no action?

pass

return

yield

continue

Explanation:

pass statement is null operation - does nothing. Syntax placeholder when statement required but no action needed. Example: def func(): pass creates empty function. Used in: empty function/class definitions, if/else blocks, exception handlers. Pass allows syntactically correct code while developing. Actual implementation added later.

Question 15 Easy Mcq

✓ Correct ✗ Incorrect

What is the syntax of assertions in Python?

assert Expression[, Arguments]

test Expression[, Arguments]

check Expression[, Arguments]

Any statement in which only boolean operations are used.

Explanation:

Assertion syntax: assert condition or assert condition, message. Example: assert x > 0, 'x must be positive'. Raises AssertionError if condition false. Optional message provides context. Used for debugging, testing invariants. Disabled with -O optimization flag. Not for error handling.

Question 16 Easy Mcq

✓ Correct ✗ Incorrect

What is the correct syntax that will set the variable "var1" to the value "correct" if variable "a" is greater than 1?

var1 = "correct" if a > 1

var1 = "correct" if a > 1 else None

var1 = "correct" if a > 1 else if None

var1 = "correct" if a > 1 else

Explanation:

Argument order: positional, *args, keyword, **kwargs. Example: def func(a, b, *args, c=1, **kwargs). Positional first, varargs middle, keyword last. Python 3 keyword-only: after *args or standalone *. Order matters for function definition. Standard parameter ordering convention.

Question 17 Easy Mcq

✓ Correct ✗ Incorrect

What is the correct way to run all the doctests in a given file from the command line?

Python3 -m doctest <_filename_>

Python3 <_filename_>

Python3 <_filename_> rundoctests

Python3 doctest

Explanation:

Use collections.OrderedDict to maintain insertion order. Python 3.7+ regular dicts ordered. OrderedDict still useful for explicit guarantee. move_to_end() method. Ordered dictionary.

Question 18 Easy Mcq

✓ Correct ✗ Incorrect

What is the correct way to get the exception as variable in except statement?

A) except Exception:

C is correct in Python 2, D is correct in Python 3, and Python 2.6 and 2.7 accepts both.

D) except Exception as e:

B) except (Exception, e):

Explanation:

Correct syntax: except ExceptionType as variable: or except (ExceptionType1, ExceptionType2) as e:. Example: except ValueError as e: print(e). 'as' keyword binds exception to variable. Python 3 uses 'as', Python 2 allowed 'as' or comma. Modern syntax uses 'as'.

Question 19 Easy Mcq

✓ Correct ✗ Incorrect

What is the difference between the two methods, "foo is None", and "foo == None", for the purposes of determining if the type of an object is None?

"is" always returns True if it compares the same object instance whereas the value returned by "==" is determined by the __eq__() method.

"==" always returns True if it compares the same object instance whereas the value returned by "is" is determined by the __eq__() method.

There is no difference between the two, but "==" is preferred by convention.

There is no difference between the two, but "is" is preferred by convention.

Explanation:

Use isinstance(obj, type) for type checking. Returns boolean. Example: isinstance(5, int). Handles inheritance: isinstance(obj, ParentClass) returns True for subclasses. Multiple types: isinstance(x, (int, float)). Better than type() as respects inheritance. Standard type checking method.

Question 20 Easy Mcq

✓ Correct ✗ Incorrect

What is a package?

Any Python program which imports external modules.

All Python programs that are available on the computer.

A folder with module files that can be imported together.

Any folder with Python source code files in it.

Explanation:

Package is collection of modules organized in directory with __init__.py file. Directory structure for organizing related modules. Example: mypackage/ contains __init__.py and module files. Import: from mypackage import module. Packages enable hierarchical namespace, modular code organization. Can be nested for sub-packages.

Question 21 Easy Mcq

✓ Correct ✗ Incorrect

What is a base case in a recursive function?

A base case is the condition that allows the algorithm to stop recursing. It is usually a problem that is small enough to solve directly.

The base case is summary of the overall problem that needs to be solved.

The base case is passed in as an argument to a function whose body makes use of recursion.

The base case is similar to a base class, in that it can be inherited by another object.

Explanation:

Use collections.defaultdict for automatic defaults. Example: dd = defaultdict(list); dd['key'].append(value). No KeyError on missing keys. Factory function provides default. Convenient initialization.

Question 22 Easy Mcq

✓ Correct ✗ Incorrect

What is htmllib?

A library of ready to use Python code snippets available for download from the web.

An HTML parser based on the sgmllib SGML parser.

A part of Python network library which allows to display HTML pages.

A tool which is used to link web pages to relational databases.

Explanation:

htmllib is deprecated Python 2 module for parsing HTML. Replaced by html.parser in Python 3. Provided HTMLParser class for simple HTML processing. Modern alternatives: BeautifulSoup, lxml, html.parser. htmllib removed in Python 3. Legacy module for HTML parsing.

Question 23 Easy Mcq

✓ Correct ✗ Incorrect

Read the following statements:Statement 1: A simple assignment statement binds a name into the current namespace, unless that name has been declared as global.Statement 2: A name declared as global is bound to the global (module-level) namespace.Which of the following is correct?

Statement 1 is true, but statement 2 is false.

Statement 2 is true, but statement 1 is false.

Both statements are true.

Both statements are false.

Explanation:

Statement 1: True. Assignment binds name in current scope unless declared global. Statement 2: True. global keyword binds to module level. Both statements correct. Scope rules for assignments. global declaration overrides local binding. Without global, assignments create local variables. Both statements accurately describe scope binding.

Question 24 Easy Mcq

✓ Correct ✗ Incorrect

What is used to read the next line in a file up to the '\n'?

open('file').readline()

open('file').read('\n')

open('file').read()

open('file').readlines()

Explanation:

Use file.readline() to read next line up to \n. Returns string including newline character. file.read() reads entire file. file.readlines() returns list of all lines. readline() reads single line, advances file pointer. Empty string '' when end reached. Text file must be opened first.

Question 25 Easy Mcq

✓ Correct ✗ Incorrect

a = range(1, 10) m = map(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, a) What is the value of m

[False, True, False, True, False, True, False, True, False]

[False, True, False, True, False, True, False, True, False, True]

[2, 4, 6, 8, 10]

[1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1]

Explanation:

Value of m is map object (iterator) containing [False, True, False, True, False, True, False, True, False]. map() applies lambda to each element. lambda x: x%2==0 checks if even. Convert: list(m). Python 3 map returns iterator not list. Pattern: even/odd booleans for 1-9.

Question 26 Easy Mcq

✓ Correct ✗ Incorrect

What is a persistent dictionary?

A dictionary of a rather small size which is loaded to a cache memory for a faster performance.

A dictionary which is loaded automatically when Python's interpreter is started.

A sequence of name and value pairs which is saved to a disk, that will endure between multiple program runs.

A dictionary in which data are stored in a sorted order.

Explanation:

Persistent dictionary is database-backed dictionary (dbm module). Key-value storage persisting across program runs. Interface like dict, data stored on disk. Example: import dbm; db=dbm.open('file','c'); db['key']='value'; db.close(). Simple database for key-value data. Alternative to pickle for simple storage.

Question 27 Easy Mcq

✓ Correct ✗ Incorrect

What is " __doc__" for in Python?

return documentation string of object or none

return object document or none

return class information or none

return documentation string of class or none

Explanation:

__doc__ is docstring attribute containing function/class/module documentation. First string literal in definition. Accessed: function.__doc__. Example: def foo(): '''Docstring''' creates foo.__doc__='Docstring'. help() uses __doc__. Documents code purpose, usage. Convention for documentation.

Question 28 Easy Mcq

✓ Correct ✗ Incorrect

What is the output of the following code?def foo(param1, *param2):print param1print param2def bar(param1, **param2):print param1print param2foo(1,2,3,4,5)bar(1,a=2,b=3)

TypeError: foo() got multiple values for keyword argument 'param1'

1 (2, 3, 4, 5) 1 (2, 3)

1 (2, 3, 4, 5) 1 {'a': 2, 'b': 3}

1 {2, 3, 4, 5} 1 ('a': 2, 'b': 3)

Explanation:

Output: foo prints: 1 (newline) (2,3,4,5) (tuple). bar prints: 1 (newline) {'a':2,'b':3} (dict). *param2 captures extra positional as tuple. **param2 captures keyword args as dict. foo(1,2,3,4,5): param1=1, param2=(2,3,4,5). bar(1,a=2,b=3): param1=1, param2={'a':2,'b':3}. Demonstrates *args and **kwargs.

Question 29 Easy Mcq

✓ Correct ✗ Incorrect

What is the output of the following? t=(1,2,4,3,5) print(t[1:3])

(1, 4)

(1, 4, 3)

(2, 4)

(2, 4, 3)

Explanation:

Extended unpacking: first, *middle, last = [1,2,3,4,5]. *variable captures remaining items. Example: head, *tail = mylist. Can appear once in assignment. Python 3 feature. Flexible sequence unpacking. Variable-length capture.

Question 30 Easy Mcq

✓ Correct ✗ Incorrect

What is the correct way to increment the value of the variable "i" by 1?

i += 1

i++

#NAME?

inc(i)

Explanation:

Use collections.ChainMap for combined dict views. Example: ChainMap(dict1, dict2). Searches dicts in order. Updates affect first dict only. Nested scope simulation. Multiple context management. Combined dictionary view.

Question 31 Easy Mcq

✓ Correct ✗ Incorrect

x = reduce(lambda x,y:x+y,[int(x) for x in "1"*10]) What is the value of x?

Syntax Error

"1111111111"

2568988

Explanation:

Value of x is 10. [int(x) for x in '1'*10] creates [1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1]. reduce(lambda x,y: x+y, [1]*10) sums: 1+1+1+1+1+1+1+1+1+1=10. reduce() accumulates sum. '1'*10 = '1111111111', converted to list of ints, summed.

Question 32 Easy Mcq

✓ Correct ✗ Incorrect

What is the output of the following code? class A(object): def __init__(self): print "Constructor A was called" class B(A): def __init__(self): print "Constructor B was called" class C(B): def __init__(self): super(C,self).__init__() print "Constructor C was called" class D(C): def __init__(self): super(D,self).__init__() print "Constructor D was called" d = D()

Constructor D was called

Constructor A was called Constructor B was called Constructor C was called Constructor D was called

Constructor B was called Constructor C was called Constructor D was called

Constructor B was called

Explanation:

Default arguments evaluated once at definition. Mutable defaults shared across calls. Example: def func(lst=[]): lst.append(1) shares same list. Use None: def func(lst=None): lst = lst or []. Avoid mutable defaults (list, dict). Common pitfall. Use None then create inside function.

Question 33 Easy Mcq

✓ Correct ✗ Incorrect

What is the term used to describe items that may be passed into a function?

Arguments

Paradigms

Attributes

Decorators

Explanation:

Use random.randint(a, b) for random integer [a, b] inclusive. Example: dice = random.randint(1, 6). Both endpoints included. random.randrange(a, b) excludes b. Integer random generation.

Question 34 Easy Mcq

✓ Correct ✗ Incorrect

What is the output of the following script? def f(a, L=[]): L.append(a) return L print(f(1)) print(f(2)) print(f(3))

AttributeError

[1] [2] [3]

[1] [1, 2] [1, 2, 3]

Explanation:

Output: [1], [1,2], [1,2,3]. Default mutable argument L=[] shared across calls. First f(1): L=[], append 1, return [1]. Second f(2): same L=[1], append 2, return [1,2]. Third f(3): same L=[1,2], append 3, return [1,2,3]. Mutable default pitfall. Use L=None, then L=L or [] inside function.

Question 35 Easy Mcq

✓ Correct ✗ Incorrect

What is the difference between using list comprehensions and generator expressions?

There is no difference between list comprehensions and generator expressions.

List comprehensions produce the result as a list all at once in memory. Generator expressions do not produce the result all at once.

List comprehension produce the result as a list. Generator expressions produce a single value that is not a sequence.

List comprehensions produce the result as a mutable list. Generator expressions produce the result as an immutable tuple.

Explanation:

List comprehensions return list immediately, stored in memory. Generator expressions return generator (iterator), values produced on-demand (lazy evaluation). Syntax: [x for x in range(10)] vs (x for x in range(10)). Generators more memory-efficient for large sequences. Comprehensions faster for small data. Use generators for large/infinite sequences.

Question 36 Easy Mcq

✓ Correct ✗ Incorrect

What is the runtime complexity of searching for an item in a binary search tree?

The runtime for searching in a binary search tree is O(1) because each node acts as a key, similar to a dictionary.

The runtime for searching in a binary search tree is O(n!) because every node must be compared to every other node.

The runtime for searching in a binary search tree is generally O(h), where h is the height of the tree.

The runtime for searching in a binary search tree is O(n) because every node in the tree must be visited.

Explanation:

Use secrets module for cryptographic randomness. secrets.token_bytes(n) for random bytes. secrets.token_hex(n) for hex string. More secure than random. Password/token generation.

Question 37 Easy Mcq

✓ Correct ✗ Incorrect

What is the output of the following code:name = 'Jon'name.rjust(4, 'A')

Jon A'

A Jon'

AJon'

JonA'

Explanation:

Output: 'AJon'. rjust(4, 'A') right-justifies in 4 characters, padding with 'A'. 'Jon' is 3 characters, needs 1 padding. Result: 'AJon'. rjust() pads on left. Width includes original string. Returns new string, original unchanged. Right-justified with custom fill character.

Question 38 Easy Mcq

✓ Correct ✗ Incorrect

Assume: a = 1 b = 4 c = (a == 'text') and a or b. What is the value of c?

text1'

text'

Explanation:

Value of c is 4. Expression: (a == 'text') is False, False and a is False (short-circuit), False or b returns b which is 4. Short-circuit: and stops at False, or continues to b. Result: 4. Logical operators with precedence.

Question 39 Easy Mcq

✓ Correct ✗ Incorrect

What is the result of eval("7"), string.atoi("4"), int("7") ?

(7, 4, 7)

(7, 4, 7.0)

("7", 4, 7)

("7", 4, 7.0)

Explanation:

Results: eval('7') returns integer 7, string.atoi('4') returns integer 4 (deprecated), int('7') returns integer 7. All convert strings to integers. eval() executes code (dangerous), string.atoi() deprecated (Python 2), int() preferred modern method. Use int() for string-to-integer conversion.

Question 40 Easy Mcq

✓ Correct ✗ Incorrect

What is the best way to randomly select an item from list?

foo = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'] from random import choice print choice(foo)

foo = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'] from random import randrange random_index = randrange(0,len(foo)) print foo[random_index]

foo = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'] import random print int(random.random() * len(foo))

foo = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'] import random print foo[int(random.random() * len(foo)+1)]

Explanation:

List comprehension: [expression for item in iterable if condition]. Concise list creation. Example: squares = [x**2 for x in range(10)]. Optional if filter. Equivalent to loop but more readable. Can nest: [[y for y in row] for row in matrix]. Efficient, Pythonic pattern.

Question 41 Easy Mcq

✓ Correct ✗ Incorrect

Assuming the node is in a singly linked list, what is the runtime complexity of searching for a specific node within a singly linked list?

The runtime is O(n) because in the worst case, the node you are searching for is the last node, and every node in the linked list must be visited.

The runtime is O(nk), with n representing the number of nodes and k representing the amount of time it takes to access each node in memory.

The runtime cannot be determined unless you know how many nodes are in the singly linked list.

The runtime is O(1) because you can index directly to a node in a singly linked list.

Explanation:

Use random.sample(population, k) for k unique random elements. Example: random.sample(range(100), 10). No replacement. Returns list. k <= len(population). Sampling without replacement.

Question 42 Easy Mcq

✓ Correct ✗ Incorrect

What is the default SimpleHTTPServer port?

9000

9090

8000

Explanation:

Default SimpleHTTPServer port is 8000. Python 2: python -m SimpleHTTPServer 8000. Python 3: python -m http.server 8000. Starts web server serving current directory. Access via http://localhost:8000. Default port 8000 if not specified. Quick file serving utility.

Question 43 Easy Mcq

✓ Correct ✗ Incorrect

What is the value of the variable a after the following statement: a=(1,2,3); a=a[2];

None and the system generates an error (exception)

Explanation:

Value of a is 3. Statement a=(1,2,3) creates tuple. a=a[2] assigns third element (index 2, zero-based) to a. Tuple (1,2,3) has indices 0,1,2 with values 1,2,3. a[2] accesses element at index 2 which is 3. Reassignment changes a from tuple to integer 3.

Question 44 Easy Mcq

✓ Correct ✗ Incorrect

What is the result of the expression: print [k(1) for k in [lambda x: x + p for p in range(3)]]?

[4, 4, 4]

[1, 2, 3]

[3, 3, 3]

This expression will produce a syntax error.

Explanation:

Output: [2, 2, 2]. Closure captures p but evaluation delayed. Loop completes with p=2. All lambdas reference same p. When list comprehension executes, p=2 for all. Result: [lambda x: x+2] * 3 essentially. Each returns 1+2=2. Late binding closure pitfall.

Question 45 Easy Mcq

✓ Correct ✗ Incorrect

What is the purpose of the pass statement in Python?

It is used to skip the yield statement of a generator and return a value of None.

It is a null operation used mainly as a placeholder in functions, classes, etc.

It is used to pass control from one statement block to another.

It is used to skip the rest of a while or for loop and return to the start of the loop.

Explanation:

Use random.random() for random float [0.0, 1.0). Example: r = random.random(). Uniform distribution. random.seed(n) for reproducibility. Basic random number generation.

Question 46 Easy Mcq

✓ Correct ✗ Incorrect

What is the result of the following expression: print((1, 2, 3) < (1, 2, 4))?

True.

This expression will result in a syntax error.

False.

None.

Explanation:

Output: True. Tuple comparison lexicographic (element-by-element). (1,2,3) vs (1,2,4): first elements equal (1==1), second equal (2==2), third 3<4, so (1,2,3) < (1,2,4) is True. Compares left-to-right until difference found. First differing element determines result.

Question 47 Easy Mcq

✓ Correct ✗ Incorrect

import itertools p = itertools.permutations([1, 2]) f = filter(lambda x: x[0] % 2 == 0, p) What is the value of f?

[(2, 1)]

[True, False]

[(1, 2)]

[False, True]

Explanation:

Value of f is filter object (iterator) containing permutations where first element is even. permutations([1,2]) generates [(1,2), (2,1)]. filter() keeps (2,1) where 2%2==0. Result: iterator with single tuple (2,1). Filter applies lambda to each permutation.

Question 48 Easy Mcq

✓ Correct ✗ Incorrect

What is an abstract class?

An abstract class is the name for any class from which you can instantiate an object.

Abstract classes must be redefined any time an object is instantiated from them.

Abstract classes must inherit from concrete classes.

An abstract class exists only so that other

Explanation:

Use os.getcwd() to get current working directory. Returns absolute path string. Example: cwd = os.getcwd(). os.chdir(path) changes directory. Essential for relative path resolution. Directory context retrieval.

Question 49 Easy Mcq

✓ Correct ✗ Incorrect

What is key difference between a set and a list?

A set is an ordered collection unique items. A list is an unordered collection of non-unique items.

Elements can be retrieved from a list but they cannot be retrieved from a set.

A set is an ordered collection of non-unique items. A list is an unordered collection of unique items.

A set is an unordered collection unique items. A list is an ordered collection of non-unique items.

Explanation:

Use math.log(x, base) for logarithm. Default base e (natural log). Example: math.log(8, 2) = 3.0. math.log10(x) for base 10. math.log2(x) for base 2. Logarithm functions.

Question 50 Easy Mcq

✓ Correct ✗ Incorrect

What is the return value of trunc()?

tuple

float

int

bool

Explanation:

String formatting methods: % operator (old style), .format() method, f-strings (Python 3.6+). Example: '%s is %d' % (name, age), '{} is {}'.format(name, age), f'{name} is {age}'. F-strings fastest and most readable. .format() more features. % deprecated but common in legacy code.

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